Flexural performances of prestressed high strength concrete piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars

Abstract

This study developed prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles reinforced with high-strength materials (glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars) for flexural performance enhancement. Flexural strengths and behaviors of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars were experimentally investigated, respectively. Large-scale specimens with total lengths of 12,000?mm and diameters of 600?mm were constructed and tested under bending, accompanied by evaluation of effects of non-prestressed reinforcement type and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. J-factors were calculated to evaluate deformability of all the specimens. PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars were demonstrated to have much higher flexural capacity than those reinforced with steel bars. Moreover, strains at the midspans of cross sections of all the specimens basically conformed to the assumption of plane section. Failure of PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars was attributable to gradual concrete crushing, while that of PHC piles reinforced with steel bars resulted from steel yielding. Results of this study were expected to provide theoretical basis for wide engineering applications of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP bars and steel bars in marine structures.     

中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化及其影响因素

采用空间分析和空间杜宾模型等方法，研究1999—2017年中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布差异明显，其排放的基尼系数和污染物分布指数均呈现下降态势，空间集中程度有所缓和。② 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布呈东北?西南走向，其排放中心不断由东南向西北方向迁移。③ 中国工业烟粉尘排放存在空间相关性和空间溢出效应，其冷热点区空间分布发生显著变化。④ 能源消耗、第二产业比重、人口密度和经济发展水平的提升将会增加工业烟粉尘排放，而外资水平、治理技术水平和环境规制力度的提升则有利于减少工业烟粉尘排放。     

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.     

吉林省村域尺度下居民点空间分布特征及优化重组模式

乡村聚落的空间优化与重构是提高土地资源利用效率,改善农村生产生活条件,促进乡村可持续发展的重要手段。以吉林省为例,采用核密度估计方法和景观形状指数分析了农村居民点空间分布特征,基于农户调查数据估算了吉林省不同区域的农村宅基地闲置情况,将农村居民点长期存在的“破碎化”和日益突出的“空心化”相结合,提出了在行政村尺度下农村居民点优化重组的“整小填大”新模式。结果表明：① 吉林省农村居民点规模小且零散分布,尤其中部呈破碎化分布,形态不规则,具有较大的整治潜力;② 吉林省农村宅基地平均闲置率为18.32%,西部地区最高（24.48%）,分别高于东部和中部地区约6%和12%;③“整小填大”模式可使农村居民点数量减少44.6%,增加有效耕地面积1 046.66 km²。     

Late Cretaceous paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in the Songliao Basin,China

Journal of Paleolimnology - The Songliao Basin, northeast China, possesses an excellent Cretaceous lake sediment record that provides an opportunity to investigate Cretaceous terrestrial climate...     

城市职能特征及其形成机理研究进展与展望

城市职能是城市定位、制定发展战略的重要依据,城市职能具有阶段性、等级性、地域性等特征,论文通过对不同学者的相关研究成果进行归纳总结,以期把握城市职能特征及其形成机理的普遍性规律。结果表明：① 不同城市发展阶段的职能特征表现为城市主导职能不断更替,农业社会阶段主要是政治和商业职能,工业社会阶段主要是制造业、商贸和物流职能,后工业化阶段是服务业职能且以生产性服务业职能为主。② 不同城市规模等级的职能特征表现为城市等级越高,城市职能综合性越强,服务业职能越强。③ 不同空间层面城市职能特征表现为,全球层面,发达国家本土通过城市职能升级,全球产业转移,形成以服务业为主导职能,发展中国家通过承接制造业转移,加速工业化,形成工业职能为主导职能,服务业职能地位不断提升;全国层面,城市职能地带性差异较大,东部工业职能依然突出,西部矿业职能、科技职能、行政职能较明显;城市群层面,世界发育成熟的城市群,在区域中心城市与外围城市之间,以及外围城市之间已经形成紧密的联系和职能分工。中国的许多城市群在中心和外围城市之间也具有明确的职能分工,中心城市以服务业职能为主,但外围城市之间职能分工还不明确。④ 城市职能演变影响因素方面,自然条件、人口、交通、政府引导、区位等传统因素起基础作用,科技、全球化、信息化等新因素作用越来越大。城市职能演变还受区域分工、产业升级、产业转移、趋同发展等机制共同作用。⑤ 未来研究方面,研究时间上应补充完善长时间尺度和近期研究的城市职能研究,研究内容上应加深城市职能效应、城市职能演变机制和职能优化方面的研究,与国家战略进行融合;研究方法上除了统计分析,还可采用调研、问卷、访谈等方法进行补充。     

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.     

Dynamic Prediction Model of Overburden Settlement in Deep Mining Areas based on Space–Time Relationship

Natural Resources Research - Depletion of shallow mineral resources caused by deep mining has become an inevitable trend, and deep mining can increase safety accidents and geological hazards....     

Kinetic Characteristics of CH4 Adsorption on Coals under Variable Temperature–Pressure Coupling Interaction

Natural Resources Research - The accurate determination of coalbed methane (CBM) content is of great significance for its development and utilization as well as for the prevention and control of...     

基于TRMM 3B43产品的1998—2016年黄淮海平原降水时空特征研究

以黄淮海平原为研究区,基于59个气象站点的逐月降水数据,采用相关系数（R）、相对误差（BIAS）和均方根误差（RMSE）对TRMM 3B43降水产品的精度进行系统评估,揭示黄淮海平原降水的时空变化规律。研究表明：① TRMM 3B43产品对研究区内大部分气象站点存在轻微高估现象,总体上TRMM产品和站点数据在黄淮海平原的拟合效果较好,且月尺度的精度较年尺度高;② 1998—2016年黄淮海平原年降水和秋季降水增加明显,其余季节降水呈不同程度的减少趋势;③ 研究区降水在空间上呈从南到北递减的趋势,且南北降水差距较大。研究结果为卫星降水产品在中纬度地区水资源评估、农业生产和洪旱灾害等研究提供一定的参考。